Clocks and Timepieces
The first functional timepieces were devised in the 1500s, and eventually evolved into ornamental objects. The development of the timepiece produced both clocks and watches. Clocks are considered furniture, whereas watches have been classified as jewelry. To the collector the decorative housing of a clock is a secondary requisite to the movement of the piece.
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Carriage Clocks The carriage clock, also known as bracket clock, was made with handles to enhance the portability of these mechanically robust traveling timepieces. In the 18th and 19th centuries, the carriage clocks case was generally fabricated from wood that was often painted black, a process known as "ebonizing".
Grandfather ClocksWhen the mechanisms of timekeeping were in development, English clockmakers were able to enhance accuracy by devising a method whereby the pendulum was elongated to slow the swing. A furniture maker to whom the clockmaker would pass the mechanism for installation generally built the elaborate long case that accompanies a grandfather clock also known as a longcase clock.
Mantel ClocksHighly decorative, the mantle clock is cherished for its ornamental qualities. Mechanical failure is virtually insignificant in mantel clocks as timekeeping is an incidental function to the collector. During the 19th century, many American retailers, such as Tiffany, imported clock mechanisms and stamped their trademarks on the dial but the manufacturer often marked the movements.
Pocket WatchesThe pocket watch was developed as a scaled down version of the portable spring clock. Often manufactured as luxury items, many an antique pocket watch have exquisitely decorated cases of precious metals expertly set with gemstones, enamels and engravings.
Wall ClocksGenerally sturdy construction was necessary so the frame of a wall clock could support its weight against gravitational forces. The Williard family, who was the premier wall clock producer in early nineteenth century America, developed the banjo wall clock. An authentic American original, the banjo clock is named for its similarity in shape to the banjo.
